The term "jaw surgery," which is technically referred to as "orthopaedic surgery," refers to a variety of aesthetic and corrective procedures that are carried out to address issues in the structure of the face and jaw that are brought on by conditions involving dental, orthodontic, and skeletal issues. Modern medicine also allows for the treatment of cleft palates, sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion, and other related conditions by performing jaw surgery.
Orthognathic surgery is a type of surgery that can use a variety of methods and approaches, like cutting and realigning bones and inserting plates or screws to hold the new position in place. The majority of procedures in this category aim to improve the jaws' position and function.
Current jaw a medical procedure is typically performed inside the mouth to limit the gamble of unattractive facial scarring as well as the recuperation period. In order to correct the position and alignment of the mandibular structures, jaw surgeons frequently make incisions directly into the jawbone. The jawbone can be fixed in the new position with additional medical-grade materials like fillers, implants, screws, and plates to improve its function and appearance.
Bone taken from the patient's own ribs, legs, or hips or processed bone implants taken from animals are used in some procedures. However, to reduce the likelihood of infection, tissue rejection, and other postoperative complications, many surgeons advocate for the use of artificial materials.
When jaw problems affect the dental structures, doctors usually send the patient to an orthodontist first.
The orthodontist will often give the patient braces to fix the way their teeth are positioned and aligned before the orthognathic surgeon can move on to aligning the jaw.
Types of jaw surgeries: '
maxillary osteotomy or upper jaw surgery. Patients who have an open bite, a crossbite, a bite in which too few or too many teeth are visible, a crossbite, or a significantly recessed upper jaw are typically candidates for this.
Surgery on the lower jaw or mandibular osteotomy Patients with a significantly recessed lower jaw are candidates for this procedure.
Chin operation.
Otherwise called a genioplasty, this technique is suggested for patients with a seriously retreated lower jaw, which could obstruct the ordinary elements of the jaw, including eating and talking.
Who should have jaw surgery and what are the expected outcomes?
Patients whose jaw conditions are affecting their daily lives should have jaw surgery. There will be a number of advantages for the patient when the jaw is fixed by surgery. The manner in which food is chewed will be greatly improved, making it much simpler to chew and bite. Additionally, patients can enjoy reduced tooth wear, preserving dental structures and shielding them from wear and eventual breakdown. Since the patient will be displaying an adequate amount of gums (or preventing the lips from hooding the teeth), there will also be aesthetic benefits, such as a more balanced appearance of the face and a more attractive smile. Additionally, the functional and aesthetic damage brought on by illness, birth defects, and injury can be remedied with jaw surgery.
Additionally, patients with TMJ disorders report relief from their conditions' symptoms, allowing for a more enjoyable and functional life. Reduced symptoms are also reported by people with sleep apnea.
How it works The procedure should be done in a hospital, and the patient will have to stay there for one to two days before being released.
In order to move the entire upper jaw, including the upper teeth and the roof of the mouth, during upper jaw surgery, the surgeon will cut the bone just above and below the eye sockets. After that, the surgeon will move the upper jaw and the teeth forward until they fit perfectly with the lower teeth and jaw. The surgeon will insert plates and screws into the upper jawbone after realigning the teeth and upper and lower jaws. The patient's bone will become ingrained with the material of these plates and screws over time.
The surgeon will make an incision that runs lengthwise down the bone in the lower jaw, behind the molars. This is done to make the front of the jaw move together, making it easier to reposition it. Biocompatible screws will be used to keep the jaw in its proper position while it heals and recovers.
In a genioplasty, the surgeon will realign the chin bone in a way that is safe and effective. Implants or bone transplants can also be used to reshape the chin.
The use of a nasal tube (for intubation) rather than an oral tube, which is typically used for other types of surgery, is common during jaw surgery procedures. During the procedure, the surgical team can wire the teeth together using a nasal tube. During surgery on the jaw, the skin is rarely cut.
The patient will need to return to the hospital on a regular basis for checkups to ensure that there have not been any complications or infections. Full recovery will take between three and six weeks. After the patient has recovered from the jaw surgery, it is also ideal to make appointments with an orthodontist to complete the teeth's alignment.
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Known side effects, complications, and risks of jaw surgery are similar to those of any other surgical procedure. Because the incision is typically made inside the mouth, where a suitable dressing cannot be made, there is always the possibility of excessive bleeding. Patients who have had the surgery also frequently complain of swelling and discomfort.
Although infections are extremely uncommon, when they do occur, they are relatively straightforward to treat and disappear almost immediately. However, in order to avoid requiring additional surgery, more serious infections should be treated right away.
Bruising can damage facial nerves and bone-innervated nerves, resulting in numbness in particular facial regions. The numbness typically appears on the upper lip and around the nose.
